“Hero Pay”

 To whom it may concern,

I read that you're considering a “hero pay” ordinance and I think there is a large group of individuals  you missed- the EMTs and paramedics within your city who work for private companies. They are exposing themselves on a daily basis in confined spaces with poor ventilation to respond to your citizens emergencies. EMS personnel aid your citizens in their time of need and in addition to that, they now are administering vaccines to your citizens. Many of these EMTs and paramedics would never ask to be called heroes and many honestly would not like that title, but many of these EMTs make within a dollar per hour of minimum wage. I personally know someone who left a grocery store as a courtesy clerk to be an emt who took a three dollar per hour pay cut because he wanted to help people. Covid has definitely added some additional expenses to their households that add up. It's expensive and very stressful to make sure they don’t bring Covid home to the people they love, on themselves, in their car, or on their uniforms. In addition to that, many hours were cut for EMS personnel or they opted to take pto in order to not get laid off or have any of their coworkers laid off early on in the pandemic knowing once staff leaves they won’t be there for the surges in cases.  The companies they work for did less than the major grocery store chains when it came to “hero pay" at the peaks of the pandemic. Many of the larger stores were adding an additional dollar to three dollars per hour to the employees wages. I would highly encourage you to not forget those people who take care of your citizens yet hardly complain to the press or make a big deal of things.

                         Thank you,

                          An Emt

Why God made Paramedics

When God made paramedics, He was into His sixth day of overtime.

An angel appeared and said, "You're doing a lot of fiddling around on this one."

God said, "Have you read the specs on this order?

A Paramedic has to be able to carry an injured person up a wet, grassy hill in the dark,

dodge stray bullets to reach a dying child unarmed,

enter homes the health inspector wouldn't touch,

and not wrinkle his uniform."

"He has to be able to lift three times his own weight.

Crawl into wrecked cars with barely enough room to move,

and console a grieving mother as

he is doing CPR on a baby he knows will never breathe again."

"He has to be in top mental condition at all times,

running on no sleep, black coffee and half-eaten meals,

and he has to have six pairs of hands."

The angel shook her head slowly and said, "Six pairs of hands...no way." 

"It's not the hands that are causing me problems," God replied.

"It's the three pairs of eyes a medic has to have."

"That's on the standard model?" asked the angel.

God nodded. "One pair that sees open sores as he's drawing blood,

always wondering if the patient is HIV positive."

(When he already knows and wishes he'd taken that accounting job)

"Another pair here in the side of his head for his partner's safety.

And another pair of eyes here in front

that can look reassuringly at a bleeding victim and say,

"You'll be alright ma'am when he knows it isn't so."

"Lord," said the angel, touching His sleeve, "rest and work on this tomorrow."

"I can't," God replied.

"I already have a model that can talk a 250 pound

drunk out from behind a steering wheel

without incident and feed a family of five on a private service paycheck." 

The angel circled the model of the Paramedic very slowly.

"Can it think?" she asked.

"You bet", God said.

"It can tell you the symptoms of 100 illnesses;

recite drug calculations in it's sleep;

intubate, defibrillate, medicate, and continue CPR

nonstop over terrain that any doctor would fear...

and it still keeps it's sense of humor."

"This medic also has phenomenal personal control.

He can deal with a multi-victim trauma,

coax a frightened elderly person to unlock their door,

comfort a murder victim's family,

and then read in the daily paper how Paramedics were

unable to locate a house quickly enough,

allowing the person to die.

A house that had no street sign, no house numbers, no phone to call back."

Finally, the angel bent over and ran her finger across the cheek of the Paramedic.

"There's a leak," she pronounced.

"I told You that You were trying to put too much into this model." 

"That's not a leak," God replied, "It's a tear."

"What's the tear for?" asked the angel.

"It's for bottled up emotions,

for patients they've tried in vain to save,

for commitment to that hope

that they will make a difference in a person's chance to survive, for life."

"You're a genius!" said the angel.

God looked somber.

"I DIDN'T PUT IT THERE" He said.

Author Unknown

"It is impossible to increase taxes, disastrous to keep on borrowing, and inadequate merely to cut expenses."
-Alexandre de Calonne

توزیع جغرافیایی و استحکامات از تأسیسات هسته ای ایران

توزیع جغرافیایی و استحکامات از تأسیسات هسته ای ایران

در امور خارجه در سال ۲۰۰۲ اتحادیه آدرس پرزیدنت جورج دبلیو بوش ، با استفاده از اصطلاح "محور شرارت" به توصیف سه ایالت. این سه نفر در عراق ، ایران و کره شمالی. این سخنرانی گذاشته از اهداف "جنگ علیه تروریسم". به گفته رئیس جمهور "هدف دوم ما این است که برای جلوگیری از رژیم هایی که از ترور حمایت امریکا تهدید و یا دوستان و متحدان ما با سلاح های کشتار جمعی." [1] این سه به دلیل نیت خود را از تامین امنیت "سلاح های کشتار جمعی" برداشت شد. ایران به طور خاص هدف قرار داده بود ، چون ، "ایران به شدت دنبال این سلاح و ترور صادرات ، در حالی که غیر منتخب چند سرکوب امید مردم ایران برای آزادی است." [2] دولت در ایران ساخته شده است که اظهارات که انتقال قصد به استفاده از هر سلاح های کشتار جمعی در اسرائیل و متحدانش است. پس از حمله هوایی اسرائیل پیشگیرانه در رآکتور هسته ای عراق Osirak در سال 1981 تعجب بسیاری اگر اسرائیل و یا ایالات متحده از حمله پیشگیرانه علیه تاسیسات هسته ای ایران راه اندازی. با تجزیه و تحلیل نقاط قوت و ضعف از تمام کشورهای درگیر ما می توانیم تعیین اینکه آیا حمله به تأسیسات هسته ای ایران حتی ممکن است. ایالات متحده تا به حال چهار گل در هنگام برخورد با ایران ، از دولت کنونی به قدرت رسید. آنها "حد جسارت تهاجمی ایران در منطقه ، توقف حمایت تهران از تروریسم ، ترویج دموکراسی در ایران و حقوق بشر ، و متوقف کردن ایران از دستیابی به سلاح هسته ای است." جمعیت فعلی [3] ایران و زمین به شدت محدود هر دوره نظامی از عمل است. ایران در شرق میانه قرار گرفته است ، آن است که توسط "افغانستان ، ارمنستان ، آذربایجان مناسب ، آذربایجان ، نخجوان قلمرو ، عراق ، پاکستان ، ترکیه ، ترکمنستان" هم مرز است. [4] در حال حاضر ایران است میان نیروهای آمریکا در عراق و افغانستان ساندویچ.ایران نیز از این جمعیت حدود 65،875،224. زمین ایران است "ناهموار ، کوهستانی لبه ؛ بالا ، حوضه مرکزی با بیابان ، کوهها ؛ کوچک ، دشت ناپیوسته در امتداد سواحل" [5] با توجه به زمین های سخت و بزرگ ضد آمریکایی مردم امکان استفاده از نیروهای زمینی نمی باشد. در نظر گرفته شده به عنوان یک دوره از عمل است. هنگامی که از پراکندگی تاسیسات هسته ای است به حساب گرفته شده است ، نیروهای زمینی هستند غیر ممکن است استفاده کنند. لذا هر اقدام نظامی باید از هوا انجام می شود. ایران آموخته شده از اشتباهات عراق ساخته شده در سال 1981 زمانی که اسرائیل نابود خود را تنها راکتور هسته ای است. ایران انجام داده است چند چیز را برای اطمینان از تاسیسات هسته ای خود باقی می ماند آسیبی نرساند. امکانات شده اند پراکنده در سراسر کشور بزرگ ، ایجاد امکان پرواز کوچک بودن قادر به انجام آسیب گسترده غیر ممکن است. نقشه زیر نشان می دهد که چگونه ایرانیان پراکنده هسته ای خود را تسهیلات. ایران همچنین امکانات در شهرستانها پر جمعیت در صورت امکان قرار داده است. برخی از امکانات به دلیل هدف خود را وابسته به منابع طبیعی است. به گزارش آژانس بینالمللی انرژی اتمی (آژانس) ایران دارای امکانات حیاتی برای برنامه خود در پنج شهرستانها متفاوت است. این شهرستانها هستند تهران ، بوشهر ، اصفهان ، نطنز و اراک. [6] تهران است شرکت کالای الکتریک است که به تولید قطعات سانتریفوژ ، راکتور تحقیقاتی تهران ، تاسیسات تولید رادیو ایزوتوپ ، آزمایشگاههای جابر بن حیان چند منظوره مشکوک. بوشهر در روسیه ساخته شده است راکتور آب سبک است. اصفهان دارای مینیاتور نوترونی راکتور منبع ، نور آب زیر بحرانی راکتور آب سنگین ، صفر قدرت راکتور ، سوخت آزمایشگاهی ساخت ، اورانیوم آزمایشگاه شیمی ، تاسیسات تبدیل اورانیوم ، گرافیت زیر بحرانی راکتور است که نه در خدمات ، و کارخانه تولید سوخت. نطنز دارای یک خلبان کارخانه غنی سازی سوخت و کارخانه غنی سازی سوخت.اراک ایران راکتور تحقیقاتی هسته ای است. امکاناتی که کشورهای دیگر را عصبی در نطنز هستند ، زیرا آنها تولید تجهیزات مورد نیاز برای غنی سازی اورانیوم برای نیروگاه یا بمب. [7]
  (هسته ای ایران سایت)[8] 

در حالی که ایران به دنبال سلاح های هسته ای هرگز ادعا کرد بسیاری از کشورها معتقدند در غیر این صورت. این کشورها که ایالات متحده و اسرائیل باشد. با نگاه به تسلیحات از این کشور ایرانی ها ساخته شده شبکه دفاع. با کمک روس ها ایران مجموعه ای از بسیار موثر ضد هوایی سلاح کسب کرده بود. این سلاح ساخته شده که روسیه S - 300 PMU باشد. یکی از این سلاح در تاسیسات بوشهر سلاح های هسته ای مستقر شده اند. این سلاح قادر است از اهداف جذاب گرفته تا از ارتفاع از 30 فوت به 90،000 پا آن را قادر به تعامل با هر دو هواپیما و موشک های کروز. همچنین طراحی شده برای مقابله با هر نوع از اقدامات ضد الکترونیکی. علاوه بر این به یک است که شناخته می شود مستقر هستند چندین نفر دیگر شده اند که از روس ها خریداری شده وجود دارد. وجود دارد همچنین بسیاری از روسیه ساخته شده 100mm ضد هوایی اسلحه موقعیت در سراسر کشور. ایران همچنین 25 تا اف - 14 Tomcats توسط ایالات متحده به آنها فروخته شده ، این هواپیما مجهز شده اند به عنوان فرمان مینیاتور و کنترل هواپیما عمل می کنند ، به عنوان بقیه هواپیماهای ایان در آنها خیلی پیرم که به قادر به عملیات در شب. دیگر سد دفاعی طبیعی این واقعیت ساده است که 1،100 کیلومتر بین اسرائیل و ایران وجود دارد.[9] 1،100 مایل بین اسرائیل و ایران به علت مهم به هواپیما و تسلیحات که مالک اسرائیل است. در حالی که اسرائیل تا به بسیاری از انواع مختلف ایالات متحده ساخته شده بسیار هواپیما چند قابلیت را به سفر به ایران. اسرائیل در حال حاضر 25 - 15s اف ، 16 اف - 16 است ، اف 126 - 16 سی و دیاس. تفاوت مهم میان قابلیت های هواپیماهای ایرانی و اسرائیل این است که تمام هواپیماهای اسرائیل قادر به انجام عملیات در شب. مشکل با هواپیماهای اسرائیلی این است که فقط اف - 16 است که دامنه برای رسیدن به تاسیسات هسته ای ایران بدون سوخت گیری مجدد ، و اسرائیلی ها عدم توانایی برای انجام سوخت گیری در مقیاس بزرگ. [10] اسرائیل نیز فروخته شد 100 GBU - 28S . این بمب هستند £ 5،000 بانکر بمب منفجر یاخوردکننده قادر به نفوذ از 100 فوت است. از خاک و یا 20 فوت از بتن می باشد. [11] با توجه به این واقعیت است که اسرائیل هواپیماهای بسیار کمی که می تواند حمله بعید است که اسرائیل می تواند هر یک تاثیر مخربی بر برنامه هسته ای ایران را انجام می دادند. تنها کشوری است که از هر نوع نیروی هوایی قادر به کند کردن یا متوقف کردن برنامه هسته ای ایران خواهد بود که ایالات متحده می باشد. این به خاطر توانایی های هواپیماهای آن ، و مزیت فن آوری. آمریکا اف - 22 است ، ب - 2 ، و اف - 117A که می تواند استفاده شود برای حمله به ضد هوایی تاسیسات ، افشای تاسیسات هسته ای برای غیر خفا هواپیما بود. موج دوم خواهد بود با مقیاس بزرگ حمله هوایی هدف قرار دادن تاسیسات هسته ای با استفاده از مهمات دقیق. آمریکا توانایی برای انجام تمام در پرواز سوختگیری.[12] در طول این سالها ایران را توسعه داده است استادانه درست شده ضد هواپیما سیستم دفاع.علاوه بر متفرق تاسیسات هسته ای در داخل کشور ، در حالی که قرار دادن آنها نزدیک مناطق پر جمعیت. در حالی که این عوامل ایجاد مشکلات در هنگام تلاش برای انجام یک حمله هوایی ، ایالات متحده و اسرائیل که قابلیت انجام حمله هوایی. در حالی که آمریکا و اسرائیل دارند ، توانایی حمله به ایران ، ممکن است من نمی بهترین تصمیم گیری با توجه به واکنش های بسیاری از کشورهای دیگر اسلامی است. شیوه ای که تنها از ایالات متحده و اسرائیل می تواند با موفقیت حمله به تأسیسات هسته ای ایران است به عنوان ضد ثانویه پس از ایران بود حمله اسرائیل و یا آمریکا [13] 

[1] State of the Union Address 2002,President George W. Bush, From the 2002 Presidential Documents Online via GPO Access, January 29, 2002
[2] Ibid.
[3] Michael McFaul, Abbas Milani, and Larry Diamond. 2007. "A Win-Win U.S. Strategy for Dealing with Iran." Washington Quarterly 30, no. 1: 121-122.
[4]Central Intelligence Agency, “The World Factbook- Iran” CIA World Fact book. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iran.html [accessed February 22, 2009]
[5] Ibid.
[6] Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. Iranian Nuclear Sites, Hussein D. Hassan, 2007.
[7] International Atomic Energy Association, Report prepared for Meeting of the Board of Governors prepared by the Director General, Implementation of the NPT safeguards agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran: 2003.
[8] “Iran Nuclear Sites”, Nuclear Threat Initiative Web site, http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles_pdfs/Iran/iran_nuclear_sites.pdf [accessed February 22, 2009].
[9] Andrew Brookes, “Air Attack Iran,” Royal United Services Institute, [Jun 2006, Vol. 151, No. 3]: 53
[10] Ibid,53.
[11] Global Security, “Guided Bomb Unit-28.” http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/gbu-28.htm [accessed February 22, 2009]
[12],Andrew Brookes, “Air Attack Iran,” Royal United Services Institute, [Jun 2006, Vol. 151, No. 3]: 54
[13] Michael McFaul, Abbas Milani, and Larry Diamond, "A Win-Win U.S. Strategy for Dealing with Iran," Washington Quarterly [Winter2006/2007]: 124-125.

American Lit- Naturalism

Realism and Naturalism 

            Many naturalistic works demonstrate the problems when capitalism is allowed to run ramped in a society. Naturalistic books take good, moral, and just characters; puts them through a series of events which are out of their control. The end result is a character which the reader empathies with even though, the reader wouldn’t like what the character has become. This happens in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle. Sinclair takes a realistic approach when looking at his world and sees this uncontrollable force called capitalism. By showing the middle class readers part of ordinary lives that would shock and awe them these Sinclair is able to effect change.

            In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair’s original goal is to expose the improper treatment of immigrant workers and child labor by paying them wages that do not allow for survival. Sinclair uses the main character Jugis Rudkus, a Lithuanian immigrant, to show how capitalism takes advantage of the poor and uses them as extremely cheap labor without regard for their welfare. In many ways the conditions Sinclair describes are cheaper labor then slavery. This is described in the book as “There is one kind of prison where the man is behind bars, and everything that he desires is outside; and there is another kind where things are behind bars, and the man is outside.” (Sinclair pg. 337) Rather than being enslaved and behind bars Jugis and his family are on the outside of the bars where things such as food, medicine, and shelter are one the inside, just out of reach. 

            At the begging of the book Jugis is an enthusiastic, bright eyed, young man who is eager to live and work in America. He believed in America, “rich or poor, a man was free, it was said; … he did not have to pay out his money to rascally officials, --he might do as he pleased, and count himself as good as any other man.” (Sinclair pg. 23) With this being his idea of America Jugis brought his family of twelve (six adults and six children) in all to Chicago. Eventually this uncontrollable force of capitalism had Jugis working in the Stockyards of Chicago at a meat packing plant. Jugis’s job does not pay him enough and other members of his family are required to procure employment as well. The family then undergoes a series of unfortunate events that result in their suffering and death, all because of the uncontrollable force called capitalism.

            His father, Dede Antanas, is one of the first family members to step up and help provide for the family. Dede is so old that he ends up having to pay a man one third of his wages in return for a job. This job is so unsanitary and unsafe that Dede ends up dying of lung infection.

            Jugis’s wife, Ona, gets a job working for Phil Connor in a factory. She is constantly sexually harassed by him and he ends up raping her. Ona dies from blood loss during delivery of the child which is a result of Phil raping her. Phil is the representation and embodiment of everything that is wrong and corrupt with Chicago and capitalism.

After his wife dies his young son drowns in a muddy street while Jugis is at work. These two events and his overall failure to provide for his family, drive him to leave, his family, the city, everything. “They were beaten; they had lost the game, they were swept aside. It was not less tragic because it was so sordid, because that it had to do with wages and grocery bills and rents. They had dreamed of freedom; of a chance to look about them and learn something; to be decent and clean, to see their child group up to be strong. And now it was all gone-it would never be!” (Sinclair pg. 163) As a result of Jugis’s abandonment, Marija, Ona’s cousin becomes a prostitute to feed the remaining children. While at the brothel Marija, becomes addicted to morphine. These were a series of unfortunate events that had either resulted in the death of two children and three adults.

Jugis is arrested for a bar fight over change of a $100 bill and goes to jail. One of the great examples of how capitalism has effected Jurgis is when he prefers being in jail then out, and wishes they put his family in jail. “"They put him in a place where the snow could not beat in, where the cold could not eat through his bones; they brought him food and drink-why, in the name of heaven, if they must punish him, did they not put his family in jail and leave him outside-why could they find no better way to punish him than to leave three weak women and six helpless children to starve and freeze?” (Singclair pg. 191) While in jail he meets Jack who introduces Jugis to Chicago’s criminal underworld. Jugis becomes hired muscle and then goes back to the stockyards in hopes to get the union workers to vote for a republican candidate.

            Sinclair would claim these series of unfortunate events just explained can be all tied to capitalism out of control. If only those companies were not so greedy and paid Jugis a wage which he could live on none of these events would have happened. Sinclair then turns the coin when Jugis returns to the city and is working as a con-man. This is evidence that capitalism is this evil force that will corrupt and ruin all who try to profit. It will also take advantage of the poor and any who are innocent victims.

            In the end of the book Sinclair has, Jugis attending a political rally for the Socialists. The moment Jugis becomes a socialist things are finally becoming good for him. He becomes a porter at a hotel which is a social hotbed. He then returns to the children which capitalism had forced him to abandon. By the end of the book Sinclair has two characters becoming something that the reader would normally not empathize with; but because of the books naturalistic view point you feel sorry for Jurgis, the socialist, and Marija, the morphine addicted prostitute. The entire book is meant by Singclair to be a realistic example of how much capitalism is negative social effect, in the late 19^th and early 20^th century, America.

The book did not have the effect Sinclair wanted, Sinclair was hoping for reform with child labor, or fair wages. As a result of Sinclair’s novel there was a public outcry and “caused the Government investigation into the methods employed by the Beef Trust”. (Sinclair 2 pg. 3) The result of that investigation was within a few months of the book being published the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 were passed. Sinclair said this about the results of his book; “I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.” (Wilson pg. 1) Many naturalistic books targeted capitalism as their uncontrollable force, yet few suggest other alternatives like Sinclair suggested socialism. Few Naturalistic books had the fast and swift reaction of the public and the Government. The book had such an impact that it was run as a long series in the “The Sun” a newspaper out of Tallahassee, Flordia. Although it was not the change Sinclair was hoping for he did achieve major change, through showing something that would shock and awe, the middle class.

Works Cited

Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. New York, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1906.

Sinclair 2, Upton. "The Jungle." The Sun 14 July 1906: Third.

Wilson, James C. The Heath Anthology of American LiteratureUpton Sinclair- Author Page. n.d. 19 March 2011 .